Coinbase Global Inc. has sued the states of Michigan, Illinois, and Connecticut in federal court, aiming to prevent state regulators from classifying prediction markets as illegal gambling. The cryptocurrency exchange argues that these markets should be governed by the federal Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC), rather than individual state gaming authorities.
According to Coinbase, prediction market contracts function as derivatives, thus falling squarely under the Commodity Exchange Act. The company contends that Congress has entrusted the CFTC with the authority to oversee these markets, and state intervention threatens a fragmented landscape that could restrict access to federally sanctioned products for consumers.
Coinbase is pursuing both declaratory and injunctive relief to establish a uniform regulatory framework that allows for innovation in the prediction markets space. Paul Grewal, the company’s chief legal officer, has been vocal about this approach in public forums.
Today @coinbase filed lawsuits in CT, MI, and IL to confirm what is clear: prediction markets fall squarely under the jurisdiction of the @CFTC, not any individual state gaming regulator (let alone 50). State efforts to control or outright block these markets stifle innovation…
— paulgrewal.eth (@iampaulgrewal) December 19, 2025
Why States Stepped In
Reports indicate that regulatory action has already begun in several states. In Connecticut, regulators have issued cease-and-desist orders to platforms like Kalshi, Robinhood, and Crypto.com, claiming certain event contracts resemble unlicensed sports betting under state laws. This has instigated the present legal confrontations, as affected firms assert they operate under federal guidelines.
Coinbase’s ambitions extend beyond the courtroom. The exchange intends to introduce event-contract trading to its US customer base, having forged a partnership with Kalshi, a CFTC-regulated platform. This rollout is slated for January 2026, underscoring the urgency of securing a definitive federal ruling to circumvent potential state-level hindrances post-launch.
Market Reaction And Context
The legal maneuver arises amid an ongoing debate over whether prediction markets should be classified as financial products or gambling ventures. Kalshi, a key player in this arena, faces similar legal challenges across various states, with court decisions reflecting a divided stance. Observers suggest that the impending judgment could ultimately dictate whether federally approved event contracts can be traded nationwide or will remain subject to state-specific regulations.
Investor sentiment has been affected by this litigation as well, with Coinbase shares witnessing a decline of over 10% on the day the lawsuits were filed, intertwined with broader fluctuations in cryptocurrency markets. The correlation between stock performance and market trends is evident in this context.
A favorable ruling for Coinbase could reinforce the CFTC’s oversight capabilities, simplifying the operational landscape for federally regulated platforms across state lines. Conversely, a judgment favoring state interests may impose complex licensing requirements for companies or compel them to modify their offerings by region.
Featured image from Coinbase, chart from TradingView
